Imithetho yokuphatha nokubonisa iFlegi yaseMelika ichazwa ngumthetho owaziwa ngokuba yiKhowudi yeFlegi yaseMelika. Sikhuphe imigaqo karhulumente apha ngaphandle kotshintsho ukuze ufumane iinyani apha. Oku kuquka indlela ebonakala ngayo iFlegi yaseMelika kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, isibambiso kunye nendlela ebonakala ngayo iflegi yaseMelika. Ukwazi ukuba iflegi yaseMelika injani kwaye injani na, luxanduva lwabantu baseMelika.
Le mithetho ilandelayo malunga neeFlegi zase-USA isekelwe kwiKhowudi yase-United States Isihloko sesi-4 Isahluko 1.
1. Iflegi; imigca kunye neenkwenkwezi
Iflegi yase-United States mayibe yimiqolo elishumi elinesithathu ethe tye, ibomvu nemhlophe ngokutshintshiselana; kwaye umanyano lweflegi luza kuba ziinkwenkwezi ezingamashumi amahlanu ezimele amazwe angamashumi amahlanu, ezimhlophe kwindawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
2. Kuyafana; iinkwenkwezi ezongezelelweyo
Xa kungeniswa uRhulumente omtsha kwiManyano, inkwenkwezi enye iya kongezwa kwiManyano yeflegi; kwaye olo longezo luya kuqala ukusebenza ngomhla wesine kaJulayi, emva koko kulandele olo lolo kwamkelwa.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kweflegi yaseMelika ngeenjongo zokuthengisa; ukunqunyulwa kweflegi
Nabani na, ngaphakathi kweSithili saseColumbia, nangayiphi na indlela, yokubonisa okanye yokubonisa, uya kubeka okanye abangele ukuba kubekwe naliphi na igama, umfanekiso, uphawu, umfanekiso, uyilo, umzobo, okanye naluphi na upapasho lwalo naluphi na uhlobo kwiflegi, umgangatho, imibala, okanye ibhanile ye-United States of America; okanye uya kuveza okanye abangele ukuba kubonakale eluntwini nayiphi na iflegi, umgangatho, imibala, okanye ibhanile eprintiweyo, epeyintiweyo, okanye ebekwe ngenye indlela, okanye enokuncamathiselwa, eyongeziweyo, encamathiselweyo, okanye eqhotyoshelweyo naliphi na igama, umfanekiso, uphawu, umfanekiso, uyilo, okanye umzobo, okanye naliphi na intengiso yalo naluphi na uhlobo; okanye ngubani, ngaphakathi kweSithili saseColumbia, oya kuvelisa, athengise, aveze ukuze kuthengiswe, okanye kubonwe luluntu, okanye anike okanye abe nezinto ezithengiswayo, okanye eziza kunikezelwa okanye zisetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na injongo, nayiphi na into okanye into eyimpahla, okanye isitya sempahla okanye into okanye into yokuthwala okanye yokuthutha impahla, apho kuya kushicilelwa, kupeyintwe, kuqhotyoshelwe, okanye kubekwe ngenye indlela umfanekiso walo naliphi na iflegi, umgangatho, imibala, okanye uphawu, ukuze kuthengiswe, kutsalwe ingqalelo, kuhonjiswe, kuphawulwe, okanye kwahlulwe into okanye into ebekwe kuyo uya kuthathwa njengonetyala lesenzo esibi kwaye uya kohlwaywa ngesohlwayo esingadluli kwi-$100 okanye ngokuvalelwa entolongweni iintsuku ezingadluliyo kumashumi amathathu, okanye zombini, ngokubona kwenkundla. Amagama athi “iflegi, umgangatho, imibala, okanye uphawu”, njengoko esetyenziswe apha, aya kubandakanya nayiphi na iflegi, umgangatho, imibala, uphawu, okanye nawuphi na umfanekiso okanye umelo lwalo naliphi na inxalenye okanye inxalenye yalo naliphi na, elenziwe ngayo nayiphi na into okanye elimelwe kuyo nayiphi na into, yalo naliphi na ubungakanani obubonakala ngathi buyile flegi, umgangatho, imibala, okanye uphawu lwe-United States of America okanye umfanekiso okanye umelo lwalo naliphi na, apho kuya kuboniswa khona imibala, iinkwenkwezi kunye nemigca, kuyo nayiphi na inani layo, okanye nayiphi na inxalenye okanye inxalenye yayo, apho umntu oqhelekileyo obona okufanayo ngaphandle kokucingisisa angakholelwa ukuba kumela iflegi, imibala, umgangatho, okanye uphawu lwe-United States of America.
4. Isifungo sokuthembeka kwiflegi yaseMelika; indlela yokuhambisa
Isifungo Sokunyaniseka Kwiflegi: “Ndithembisa ukuthembeka kwiFlegi ye-United States of America, nakwiRiphabliki elimele yona, iSizwe esinye phantsi koThixo, esingahlukaniyo, esinenkululeko nobulungisa kubo bonke.”, kufuneka senziwe ngokuma sijonge iflegi ngesandla sasekunene phezu kwentliziyo. Xa singanxibanga iyunifomu amadoda afanele akhulule nasiphi na isigqubuthelo sentloko esingesonqulo ngesandla sasekunene aze asibambe egxalabeni lasekhohlo, isandla siphezu kwentliziyo. Abantu abanxibe iyunifomu mabathule, bajonge iflegi, baze banike isibuliso somkhosi.
5. Ukuboniswa nokusetyenziswa kweflegi yase-United States of America ngabantu abaqhelekileyo; ukubhalwa kwemithetho namasiko; inkcazo
Olu luhlu lulandelayo lwemithetho kunye namasiko akhoyo malunga nokuboniswa nokusetyenziswa kweflegi yase-United States of America, kwaye lumiselwe apha, ukusetyenziswa kwabahlali okanye amaqela okanye imibutho yabahlali njengoko kungafuneki ukuba kuhambelane nemigaqo ebhengezwe lisebe elinye okanye ngaphezulu lolawulo lukaRhulumente wase-United States. Iflegi yase-United States ngenjongo yesi sahluko iya kuchazwa ngokwesihloko 4, iKhowudi yase-United States, iSahluko 1, iCandelo 1 kunye neCandelo 2 kunye noMyalelo woLawulo 10834 okhutshwe ngokwesi sizathu.
6. Amaxesha kunye neziganeko zokubonisa iflegi yaseMelika
1. Lisiko eliqhelekileyo ukubonisa iflegi kuphela ukususela ekuphumeni kwelanga ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga kwizakhiwo nakwiindawo ezimileyo zeflegi evulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kufuneka iflegi ibonakale iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine ngosuku ukuba ikhanyiswe kakuhle ngexesha lobumnyama.
2. Iflegi mayiphakanyiswe ngokukhawuleza ize yehliswe ngembeko.
3. Iflegi akufuneki iboniswe ngeentsuku apho imozulu imbi khona, ngaphandle kokuba iflegi ehambelana nemozulu yonke iboniswa.
4. Iflegi kufuneka iboniswe yonke imihla, ingakumbi
Usuku loNyaka oMtsha, nge-1 kaJanuwari
Usuku Lokuvulwa, nge-20 kaJanuwari
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMartin Luther King Jr., ngoMvulo wesithathu ngoJanuwari
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaLincoln, nge-12 kaFebruwari
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaWashington, ngoMvulo wesithathu ngoFebruwari
ICawa yePasika (iguquguqukayo)
Usuku looMama, ngeCawa yesibini ngoMeyi
Usuku lweMikhosi exhobileyo, ngoMgqibelo wesithathu ngoMeyi
Usuku lweSikhumbuzo (isiqingatha sabasebenzi kude kube semini), uMvulo wokugqibela ngoMeyi
Usuku lweFlegi, nge-14 kaJuni
Usuku looTata, ngeCawa yesithathu ngoJuni
Usuku lweNkululeko, Julayi 4
Usuku lwaBasebenzi, ngoMvulo wokuqala ngoSeptemba
Usuku loMgaqo-siseko, nge-17 kaSeptemba
Usuku lweColumbus, ngoMvulo wesibini ngo-Okthobha
Usuku loMkhosi wamanzi, nge-27 ka-Okthobha
Usuku lwamajoni aseMelika, nge-11 kaNovemba
Usuku lokubulela, ngoLwesine wesine ngoNovemba
Usuku lweKrisimesi, nge-25 kaDisemba
kunye nezinye iintsuku ezinokuthi zibhengezwe nguMongameli we-United States
imihla yokuzalwa yaseMelika (umhla wokwamkelwa)
nangeeholide zikaRhulumente.
5. Iflegi kufuneka iboniswe imihla ngemihla kwisakhiwo solawulo esiphambili salo lonke iziko likarhulumente okanye kufutshane naso.
6. Iflegi kufuneka ibekwe kuzo zonke iindawo zokuvota okanye kufutshane nazo ngeentsuku zonyulo.
7. Iflegi kufuneka iboniswe ngexesha leentsuku zesikolo kuzo zonke izikolo okanye kufutshane nazo.
7. Indawo kunye nendlela yokubonisa iFlegi yaseMelikaIflegi, xa ithwalwa kumngcelele kunye neflegi okanye enye iflegi, kufuneka ibe ngasekunene kokuhamba; oko kukuthi, ilungelo leflegi, okanye, ukuba kukho umgca wezinye iiflegi, phambi kombindi waloo mgca.
1. Iflegi akufuneki iboniswe kwiflethi kwiparade ngaphandle kokuba ithathwe yintonga, okanye njengoko kubonelelwe kumhlathi (i) wale candelo.
2. Iflegi akufuneki igqunywe phezu kwebhothi, phezulu, emacaleni, okanye ngasemva kwesithuthi okanye kololiwe kaloliwe okanye isikhephe. Xa iflegi iboniswa kwimoto, intonga mayibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kwitshasi okanye ibotshelelwe kwifender yasekunene.
3. Akukho flegi okanye ipeni emele ibekwe ngaphezulu okanye, ukuba ikwinqanaba elifanayo, ngasekunene kweflegi yase-United States of America, ngaphandle kwexesha leenkonzo zecawa eziqhutywa ngabefundisi baselwandle elwandle, xa ipeni emele ibekwe ngaphezulu kweflegi ngexesha leenkonzo zecawa zabasebenzi boMkhosi woLwandle. Akukho mntu uya kubeka iflegi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo okanye nayiphi na enye iflegi yesizwe okanye yamazwe ngamazwe elingana, ngaphezulu, okanye kwindawo yodumo oluphezulu okanye imbeko, okanye endaweni yeflegi yase-United States nakweyiphi na indawo e-United States okanye nakweyiphi na iNdawo okanye ubunini bayo: Ngaphandle kokuba, Akukho nto kweli candelo iya kwenza ukuba ukuqhubekeka kwesi senzo esidlulileyo sokubonisa iflegi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwindawo yodumo oluphezulu okanye imbeko, kunye nezinye iiflegi zesizwe kwiindawo zodumo olulinganayo okanye imbeko, kunye neflegi yase-United States kwikomkhulu leZizwe eziManyeneyo.
4. Iflegi yase-United States of America, xa iboniswa neflegi enye eludongeni oluvela kwiintonga ezinqamlezileyo, kufuneka ibe ngasekunene, ibe lilungelo leflegi ngokwayo, kwaye intonga yayo mayibe phambi kwentonga yeflegi enye.
5. Iflegi ye-United States of America kufuneka ibe sembindini nakwindawo ephezulu yeqela xa inani leeflegi zaMazwe okanye iindawo okanye iipennants zemibutho ziqokelelwa kwaye ziboniswa ngabasebenzi.
6. Xa iiflegi zaMazwe, izixeko, okanye iindawo, okanye iipennanti zemibutho zibhabha kwi-halyard enye neflegi yase-United States, le yokugqibela kufuneka ihlale iphezulu. Xa iiflegi zibhabha zisuka kwiintonga ezikufutshane, iflegi yase-United States kufuneka iphakanyiswe kuqala ize yehliswe ekugqibeleni. Akukho flegi okanye iipennanti ezinjalo zinokubekwa ngaphezulu kweflegi yase-United States okanye ngasekunene kweflegi yase-United States.
7. Xa iiflegi zezizwe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ziboniswa, maziphakanyiswe zisuka kwiintonga ezahlukeneyo ezinobude obufanayo. Iiflegi mazilingane ngobukhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela kuyakwalela ukuboniswa kweflegi yesizwe esinye ngaphezu kwesinye ngexesha loxolo.
8. Xa iflegi yase-United States iboniswa ngabasebenzi abaphuma ngokuthe tye okanye ngekona ukusuka kwifestile, kwibalcony, okanye ngaphambili kwesakhiwo, umanyano lweflegi kufuneka lubekwe kwincopho yabasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba iflegi ikwisiqingatha senduku. Xa iflegi ixhonywe phezu kwendlela yokuhamba ngeenyawo ukusuka kwintambo esuka endlwini ukuya kwipali emphethweni wendlela yokuhamba ngeenyawo, iflegi kufuneka iphakanyiswe, umanyano kuqala, ukusuka kwisakhiwo.
9. Xa iboniswa ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo eludongeni, i-union kufuneka ibe phezulu kwaye ibe ngasekunene kweflegi, oko kukuthi, ngasekhohlo komjongi. Xa iboniswa efestileni, iflegi kufuneka iboniswe ngendlela efanayo, kunye ne-union okanye ibala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngasekhohlo komjongi esitalatweni.
10. Xa iflegi iboniswa embindini wesitalato, kufuneka ixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo kunye nomanyano oluya emantla kwisitalato esisempuma nasentshona okanye empuma kwisitalato esisentla nasezantsi.
11. Xa isetyenziswa eqongeni lesithethi, iflegi, ukuba iboniswe ngokuthe tyaba, kufuneka iboniswe ngaphezulu nangasemva kwesithethi. Xa iboniswa ngabasebenzi ecaweni okanye kwiholo kawonke-wonke, iflegi yase-United States of America kufuneka ibambe isikhundla sokubaluleka okuphezulu, phambi kwabaphulaphuli, kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yokuhlonipha ngasekunene komfundisi okanye kwesithethi xa ejongene nabaphulaphuli. Nayiphi na enye iflegi eboniswayo kufuneka ibekwe ngasekhohlo komfundisi okanye kwesithethi okanye ngasekunene kwabaphulaphuli.
12. Iflegi kufuneka ibe luphawu olukhethekileyo lomsitho wokutyhilwa komfanekiso okanye isikhumbuzo, kodwa akufuneki isetyenziswe njengesigqubuthelo somfanekiso okanye isikhumbuzo.
13. Iflegi, xa ibhajiswa ngesiqingatha senduku, kufuneka iqale iphakanyiswe iye encotsheni okomzuzwana ize ithotywe iye kwindawo yesiqingatha senduku. Iflegi kufuneka iphakanyiswe kwakhona iye encotsheni ngaphambi kokuba ithotywe ngaloo mini. NgoSuku lweSikhumbuzo iflegi kufuneka iboniswe ngesiqingatha senduku kude kube semini kuphela, ize iphakanyiswe iye phezulu kwenduku. Ngokomyalelo kaMongameli, iflegi kufuneka iphakanyiswe ngesiqingatha senduku xa kusweleka abantu abaphambili kuRhulumente wase-United States kunye neRhuluneli yeLizwe, ummandla, okanye ubunini, njengophawu lokuhlonipha inkumbulo yabo. Kwimeko yokufa kwamanye amagosa okanye izikhulu zamanye amazwe, iflegi kufuneka iboniswe ngesiqingatha senduku ngokwemiyalelo okanye imiyalelo kaMongameli, okanye ngokwesiko okanye imikhuba eyaziwayo engangqubaniyo nomthetho. Kwimeko yokufa kwegosa langoku okanye langaphambili likarhulumente walo naliphi na ilizwe, ummandla, okanye ubunini be-United States, okanye ukufa kwelungu leMikhosi yoMkhosi elivela kulo naliphi na ilizwe, ummandla, okanye ubunini elifa ngelixa lisebenza emsebenzini, iRhuluneli yelo Lizwe, ummandla, okanye ubunini lingabhengeza ukuba iflegi yeSizwe iya kubhabhela kwisiqingatha sentonga, kwaye igunya elifanayo linikwa iMeya yeSithili saseColumbia malunga namagosa akhoyo okanye angaphambili eSithili saseColumbia kunye namalungu eMikhosi yoMkhosi avela kwiSithili saseColumbia. Iflegi iya kubhabhela kwisiqingatha sentonga iintsuku ezingama-30 ukususela ekufeni kukaMongameli okanye uMongameli wangaphambili; iintsuku ezili-10 ukususela ngomhla wokufa kukaSekela Mongameli, iJaji eliyiNtloko okanye iJaji eliyiNtloko elithathe umhlala-phantsi lase-United States, okanye uSomlomo weNdlu yabaMeli; ukususela ngomhla wokufa ukuya kungcwatywa kweJaji eliHlangeneyo leNkundla ePhakamileyo, uNobhala weSebe elilawulayo okanye lomkhosi, owayesakuba yiSekela Mongameli, okanye iRhuluneli yeLizwe, ummandla, okanye ubunini; kwaye ngomhla wokufa nangosuku olulandelayo kwiLungu leCongress. Iflegi iya kubhabhelwa kwisiqingatha sentonga ngeMini yeSikhumbuzo samaGosa oXolo, ngaphandle kokuba loo mini ikwayiMini yoMkhosi oxhobileyo. Njengoko kusetyenzisiwe kweli candelo —
1. Igama elithi “isiqingatha sentonga” lithetha indawo yeflegi xa imalunga nesiqingatha somgama ophakathi komphezulu nosezantsi wentonga;
2. Igama elithi “isebe elilawulayo okanye lezomkhosi” lithetha nayiphi na iarhente edweliswe phantsi kwecandelo 101 kunye ne-102 lesihloko 5, iKhowudi yase-United States; kunye
3. Igama elithi “iLungu lePalamente” lithetha iSenator, uMmeli, uMthunywa, okanye uMkomishinala ohlala ePuerto Rico.
14. Xa iflegi isetyenziselwa ukugquma ibhokisi, kufuneka ibekwe ngendlela yokuba umanyano lube sentloko naphezu kwegxalaba lasekhohlo. Iflegi akufuneki ithotywe engcwabeni okanye ivunyelwe ukuba ichukumise umhlaba.
15. Xa iflegi ixhonywe kwipaseji okanye kwilobhi kwisakhiwo esinomnyango omnye oyintloko, kufuneka ixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo kunye nomanyano lweflegi ngasekhohlo komjongi xa engena. Ukuba isakhiwo sineminyango engaphezulu kwesinye, iflegi kufuneka ixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo kufutshane nombindi wepaseji okanye kwilobhi kunye nomanyano ngasenyakatho, xa iminyango ingasempumalanga nasentshonalanga okanye ngasempumalanga xa iminyango ingasemntla nasezantsi. Ukuba kukho iminyango engaphezulu kwamacala amabini, umanyano kufuneka ube ngasempuma.
8. Intlonipho yeflegi
Akukho ntlonelo imele iboniswe kwiflegi yase-United States of America; iflegi akufuneki ityibilikiswe nakubani na okanye kwinto. Imibala yerejimeni, iiflegi zikaRhulumente, kunye neeflegi zombutho okanye zeziko kufuneka zityibilikiswe njengophawu lokuhlonipha.
1. Iflegi akufuneki iboniswe kunye nemanyano phantsi, ngaphandle kokuba luphawu loxinzelelo olukhulu kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu kubomi okanye kwimpahla.
2. Iflegi ayifanele ichukumise nantoni na engaphantsi kwayo, njengomhlaba, umgangatho, amanzi, okanye iimpahla.
3. Iflegi akufuneki iphathwe ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe tye, kodwa mayihlale iphezulu kwaye ikhululekile.
4. Iflegi akufuneki isetyenziswe njengempahla yokunxiba, yokulala, okanye yokunxiba. Ayifanele ihonjiswe, itsalwe ngasemva, okanye inyuswe, ibe yimiqolo, kodwa mayihlale ivunyelwe ukuba iwele. Imiqolo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emhlophe, nebomvu, ehlala icwangciswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu, omhlophe embindini, nobomvu ngaphantsi, kufuneka isetyenziswe ukugquma idesika yesithethi, ukuhombisa umphambili weqonga, kunye nokuhombisa ngokubanzi.
5. Iflegi akufuneki ibotshelelwe, iboniswe, isetyenziswe, okanye igcinwe ngendlela evumela ukuba ikrazuke lula, ingcole, okanye yonakale nangayiphi na indlela.
6. Iflegi akufuneki isetyenziswe njengesigqubuthelo sophahla.
7. Iflegi ayifanelanga ukuba ibeke phezu kwayo, nakweyiphi na inxalenye yayo, okanye incamathisele kuyo naluphi na uphawu, uphawu, unobumba, igama, umfanekiso, uyilo, umfanekiso, okanye umzobo walo naluphi na uhlobo.
8. Iflegi akufuneki isetyenziswe njengesitya sokwamkela, sokubamba, sokuphatha, okanye sokuhambisa nantoni na.
9. Iflegi akufuneki isetyenziswe kwiinjongo zokuthengisa nangayiphi na indlela. Akufanele ihonjiswe kwizinto ezifana neekhushini okanye iitshefu nezinye izinto ezinjalo, eziprintiweyo okanye ezifakwe kwi-napkin okanye kwiibhokisi okanye nantoni na eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okwethutyana. Iimpawu zokuthengisa akufuneki zibotshelelwe kwintonga okanye kwi-halyard apho iflegi ibhabhela khona.
10. Akukho nxalenye yeflegi ekufuneka isetyenziswe njengesinxibo okanye iyunifomu yezemidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, iflegi inokuncamathiselwa kwiyunifomu yabasebenzi bomkhosi, abacimi-mlilo, amapolisa, kunye namalungu emibutho yokuthanda ilizwe. Iflegi imele ilizwe eliphilayo kwaye yona ngokwayo ithathwa njengento ephilayo. Ke ngoko, iphini yeflegi yelapel njengekopi, kufuneka inxitywe kwilapel yasekhohlo kufutshane nentliziyo.
11. Iflegi, xa ikwimeko yokuba ayisafaneleki ukuba iboniswe, kufuneka itshatyalaliswe ngendlela enesidima, ngcono ngokuyitshisa.
9. Ukuziphatha ngexesha lokuphakamisa, ukwehlisa okanye ukudlulisa iflegi
Ngexesha lomsitho wokuphakamisa okanye ukwehlisa iflegi okanye xa iflegi idlula kwindibano okanye kuphononongo, bonke abantu abakhoyo abanxibe iyunifomu kufuneka banike isihombiso somkhosi. Amalungu oMkhosi kunye namajoni akhoyo kodwa anganxibanga iyunifomu anokwenza isihombiso somkhosi. Bonke abanye abantu abakhoyo kufuneka bajonge iflegi baze beme ngononophelo bebeke isandla sabo sasekunene phezu kwentliziyo, okanye ukuba kuyenzeka, basuse isihombiso sabo sentloko ngesandla sasekunene baze basibambe egxalabeni lasekhohlo, isandla sibe phezu kwentliziyo. Abemi bamanye amazwe abakhoyo kufuneka beme ngononophelo. Yonke loo ndlela yokuziphatha ejonge iflegi kwikholamu ehambayo kufuneka yenziwe ngexesha iflegi idlula ngalo.
10. Ukuguqulwa kwemithetho namasiko nguMongameli
Nawuphi na umthetho okanye isiko eliphathelele ukuboniswa kweflegi ye-United States of America, echazwe apha, linokutshintshwa, litshintshwe, okanye lirhoxiswe, okanye eminye imithetho enxulumene nalo ingamiselwa, yiNtloko yeMikhosi yezeMfazwe yase-United States, nanini na xa ibona kufanelekile okanye kunqweneleka; kwaye naluphi na utshintsho olunjalo okanye umthetho owongezelelweyo uya kuchazwa kwisibhengezo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-15-2023